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Rivers & Waterfalls

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Images of rivers, lakes, and waterfalls.

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Selected photos: Rivers & Waterfalls

Why is the Río Celeste blue?

Rio Celeste on the slopes of the Tenorio Volcano, Costa Rica
Rio Celeste on the slopes of the Tenorio Volcano

The photo shows a clear stream with a pale blue-green cast running over rounded stones through dense forest on the slopes of Tenorio volcano. A 2013 study by Costa Rican scientists found that the colour is not a dye. The river begins where two colourless streams meet, and the change in acidity makes tiny suspended aluminosilicate particles clump and grow, so they scatter blue light. Later work, from 2022, suggests sulphur-oxidising bacteria and diatoms take part in forming those particles. Its page is Río Celeste.

Where do crocodiles live along the rivers?

Crocodiles on the Tarcoles river with the Carrara National Park in the background, Río Tarcoles
Crocodiles on the Tarcoles river with the Carrara National Park in the background

This photo shows a sandy bend of the Tárcoles river with a row of crocodiles lying in the foreground water, with forested hills behind. The species is the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). An IUCN assessment cites more than 300 individuals in the Río Grande de Tárcoles in an early-1990s study, and SINAC publishes survey reports, so any photo is a moment and not a census. See Río Tárcoles.

How do rivers shape the country's energy and borders?

This concrete dam was one of Costa Rica's first hydroelectric projects , built in 1966 it is
This concrete dam was one of Costa Rica's first hydroelectric projects , built in 1966 it is considered one of the world's thinnest dams as it rises 80 meters above ground.

The Cachí dam closes a valley on the Reventazón river near Juan Viñas. It is a concrete dam whose first unit began commercial generation on 7 May 1966, among the first works by the Costa Rican Electricity Institute (ICE) on that river. The Reventazón rises in the highlands of Tapantí, together with the Pacuare, according to SINAC; see Río Reventazón.

The San Juan, in the north, is a border river. Britannica says the 1858 treaty gave the river to Nicaragua while giving Costa Rica free navigation for commerce, and in 2009 the International Court of Justice confirmed rights that include tourist navigation, but not police vessels.

River conditions, trail access and swimming safety change with rain and season, so follow local advice.